The Tropic of Capricorn, or Southern tropic, is one of the five major circles of latitude A circle of latitude, on the Earth, is an imaginary east-west circle connecting all locations that share a given latitude. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude that mark maps A map is a visual representation of an area-a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes of the Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the World, the Blue Planet,[note 6] or by its Latin name, Terra.[note 7]. It currently (Epoch 2010) lies 23º 26′ 17″ south of the equator An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass. The capitalized term Equator refers to the Earth's equator^[1]

It is drifting north at the rate of almost half a second (0.47) of latitude per year (it was at exactly 23º 27' S in year 1917).^[2]

For checking and/or calculating these and other astronomical "constants", see below under External links.

It marks the most southerly latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead at noon. This event occurs at the December solstice A solstice is an astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun's apparent position in the sky to reach its northernmost or southernmost extreme. The name is derived from the Latin sol and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstices, the Sun, when the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun to its maximum extent.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Places located along the Tropic of Capricorn 3 Name 4 Cultural significance 5 See also 6 External links 7 Notes

Geography

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The northern hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of equator—the word hemisphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator. Earth's northern hemisphere contains most of its land area and most of its human population equivalent of the Tropic of Capricorn is the Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the Northern tropic, is the circle of latitude on the Earth that marks the apparent position of the Sun at the time of the northern solstice. Latitudes south of the Tropic of Capricorn are in the Southern Temperate Zone In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold. But in continental areas, such as Asia and central North America the variations between summer and winter can be extreme. The region north of the Tropic of Capricorn and south of the Tropic of Cancer is known as the tropics The tropics is a region of the Earth by the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23° 26′ 16″ N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at 23° 26′ 16″ ( or 23.438° ) S. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see.

The position of the Tropic of Capricorn is not fixed, but rather it varies in a complex manner over time; see under circles of latitude A circle of latitude, on the Earth, is an imaginary east-west circle connecting all locations that share a given latitude. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude for information.

Starting at the Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian and its opposite the 180th meridian , which the International Date Line generally follows, form a great circle that divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres and heading eastwards, the Tropic of Capricorn passes through:

Co-ordinates	Country, territory or sea	Notes
23°26′S 0°0′E / 23.433°S 0°E)	Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres , it covers approximately twenty percent of the Earth's surface and about twenty-six percent of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to the Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "
23°26′S 14°27′E / 23.433°S 14.45°E)	Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Its
23°26′S 20°0′E / 23.433°S 20°E)	Botswana The Republic of Botswana is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" (singular: Motswana). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. It has held free and fair democratic elections	Kgalagadi District, Kweneng District and Central District
23°26′S 27°18′E / 23.433°S 27.3°E)	South Africa Coordinates: 29°02′46″S 25°03′47″E / 29.046°S 25.063°E The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a 2,798 kilometres coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent	Limpopo Province Limpopo is the northernmost province of South Africa. The capital is Polokwane, formerly named Pietersburg. The province was formed from the northern region of Transvaal Province in 1994, and initially named Northern Transvaal. The following year, it was renamed Northern Province, which remained the name until 11 June 2003, when the name of the
23°26′S 31°33′E / 23.433°S 31.55°E)	Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest	Gaza and Inhambane Inhambane is a province of Mozambique located on the coast in the southern part of the country. It has an area of 68,615 km² and a population of 1.412.349 . The provincial capital is also called Inhambane provinces
23°26′S 35°26′E / 23.433°S 35.433°E)	Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean . It is the only ocean to be named	Mozambique Channel The Mozambique Channel is a portion of the Indian Ocean located between the island of Madagascar and southeast Africa, primarily the country of Mozambique. It was a World War II clashpoint during the Battle of Madagascar. The channel is approximately 460 kilometers across at its narrowest point between Angoche, Mozambique, and Tambohorano,
23°26′S 43°45′E / 23.433°S 43.75°E)	Madagascar Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world	Toliara and Fianarantsoa provinces
23°26′S 47°39′E / 23.433°S 47.65°E)	Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean . It is the only ocean to be named
23°26′S 113°47′E / 23.433°S 113.783°E)	Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Britain in 177	Western Australia Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Australia's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.2 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state, Northern Territory The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west , South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east) and Queensland Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E Queensland is a state of Australia that occupies the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean
23°26′S 151°3′E / 23.433°S 151.05°E)	Coral Sea The Coral Sea is a marginal sea off the north-east coast of Australia. It is bounded in the west by the east coast of Queensland, thereby including the Great Barrier Reef, in the east by Vanuatu and by New Caledonia, and in the north approximately by the southern extremity of the Solomon Islands. South of it is the Tasman Sea	Passing just south of Cato Reef in Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Britain in 177's Coral Sea Islands Territory The Coral Sea Islands Territory includes a group of small and mostly uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, northeast of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The territory covers 780,000 km2, extending east and south from the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef, and including Heralds Beacon Island,
23°26′S 166°46′E / 23.433°S 166.767°E)	Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east	Passing just north of the Minerva Reefs ( Tonga Tonga - officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga) - an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprises 169 islands, 36 of them inhabited. The Kingdom stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles) in a north-south line located at about a third of the distance from New Zealand to Hawaiʻi), and just south of Tubuai ( French Polynesia French Polynesia [ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɨˈniːʒə] (French: Polynésie française, Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is a French overseas collectivity in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat)
23°26′S 70°36′W / 23.433°S 70.6°W)	Chile Chile (traditional English pronunciation /ˈtʃɪli/, also pronounced /ˈtʃiːleɪ/ ), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders	Antofagasta Region The II Antofagasta Region is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. It comprises three provinces, Antofagasta, El Loa and Tocopilla, It is bordered to the north by Tarapacá and by Atacama to the south and is the second largest region of Chile
23°26′S 67°07′W / 23.433°S 67.117°W)	Argentina The Argentine claims in Antarctica along with the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands (administered by the United Kingdom) shown in light green	Jujuy Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south, Salta Salta is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca. It also surrounds Jujuy. To the north it borders Bolivia and Paraguay and to the west lies Chile, Jujuy Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south (again) and Formosa Formosa Province is in northeastern Argentina, part of the Gran Chaco Region. Its northeast end touches Asunción, Paraguay, and borders the provinces of Chaco and Salta to its south and west, respectively. The capital is Formosa provinces
23°26′S 61°23′W / 23.433°S 61.383°W)	Paraguay Paraguay (pronounced /ˈpɛrəgweɪ/ ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: República del Paraguay, pronounced [reˈpuβlika ðel paɾaˈɣwai]; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái /teˈtã paɾaˈgʷaj/), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and	Boquerón, Presidente Hayes, Concepción, San Pedro and Amambay departments
23°26′S 55°38′W / 23.433°S 55.633°W)	Brazil Brazil (pronounced /brəˈzɪl/ ; Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking	Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul is one of the states of Brazil, Paraná Paraná is one of the states of Brazil, located in the South of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary, and São Paulo São Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu] ) is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial park and economic production of the country. It is the most populous sub-national entity in the Western Hemisphere states
23°26′S 45°2′W / 23.433°S 45.033°W)	Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres , it covers approximately twenty percent of the Earth's surface and about twenty-six percent of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to the Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "

Places located along the Tropic of Capricorn

Monument marking the Tropic of Capricorn just north of Antofagasta Antofagasta (Spanish pronunciation: [antofaˈɣasta] or (antofaˈɣaʔta) in the local dialect) is a port city in northern Chile, about 700 miles (1,130 km) north of Santiago. It is the capital of both Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2002 census, the city has an urban population of 281,155 and a municipal population, Chile Chile (traditional English pronunciation /ˈtʃɪli/, also pronounced /ˈtʃiːleɪ/ ), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders A sign marking the Tropic of Capricorn as it passes through Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Its Roadside monument marking Tropic of Capricorn in Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, 28 January 2005 Monument marking Tropic of Capricorn in Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, 1970 Road sign marking Tropic of Capricorn in Western Australia, Australia, 26 August 2008 Monument marking the Tropic of Capricorn just north of Alice Springs, Australia Roadway plaque marking the Tropic of Capricorn in the city of Santana do Parnaíba, Brazil

The following cities and landmarks are either located near the Tropic of Capricorn, or pass through it.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Argentina

• Andes Mountains
• The Pampas
• San Salvador de Jujuy

Australia

• Alice Springs, Northern Territory
• Emerald, Queensland
• Gibson Desert, Western Australia
• Great Dividing Range, Queensland
• Lake Disappointment, Western Australia
• Rockhampton, Queensland
• Longreach, Queensland

Botswana

• Kalahari Desert
• Khutse Game Reserve

Brazil

• Itaquaquecetuba
• Mogi das Cruzes
• Maringá
• São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport
• São Paulo
• Sorocaba
• Ubatuba

Chile

• Atacama Desert
• Andes Mountains
• Antofagasta

Madagascar

• Toliara

Mozambique

• Inhambane city

Namibia

• Kalahari Desert
• Namib Desert

Paraguay

• Concepción

South Africa

• Kruger National Park
• Polokwane
• Capricorn District Municipality
• Capricorn Archdeaconary in the Anglican Diocese of St Mark the Evangelist

Name

The Tropic of Capricorn is so named because about 2,000 years ago the sun was entering the constellation Capricornus (capricorn is Latin for goat horn) at the December solstice. In modern times the sun appears in the constellation Sagittarius during this time. The change is due to precession of the equinoxes. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek tropos, meaning turn, referring to the fact that the sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.

Cultural significance

In India, the day of sun entering the zodiacal belt Capricorn is celebrated as Makara Sankranti festival. Tropic of Capricorn is called Makara Vrutta in Indian languages.

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